1 Introduction

This is the latest report on retracted publications in the PubMed database. It was generated on April 04 2022.

Each section contains two charts. The first (blue) contains data about retracted publications. The second (orange) contains data about retraction notices. The PubMed search terms for these are, respectively:

“retracted publication”[PTYP]
“retraction of publication”[PTYP]

2 Timeline of retractions

This chart shows the number of retracted publications per year. PubMed uses a variety of different dates; the year used here is the date that the record was created (CRDT).

Clicking on a year will open a new window at PubMed showing the retracted articles for that year.

2.1 Retracted Publications

2.2 Retraction Notices

3 Cumulative timeline of retractions

This chart shows the cumulative sum of retracted publications per year. The year used here is the date that the record was created (CRDT).

Clicking on a year will open a new window at PubMed showing the retracted articles from 1959 up to and including that year.

3.1 Retracted Publications

3.2 Retraction Notices

4 Retraction rate by year

This chart shows the rate of retracted publications per year, as retractions per 100 000 publications. The year used here is the date that the record was created (CRDT).

Clicking on a year will open a new window at PubMed showing the retracted articles for that year.

4.1 Retracted Publications

4.2 Retraction Notices

5 Retractions by journal (absolute numbers)

This chart shows the top 20 journals by number of retracted articles. See section 5 for journals ranked by retractions relative to total articles.

Clicking on a journal name will open a new window at PubMed showing the retracted articles from that journal.

5.1 Retracted Publications

5.2 Retraction Notices

6 Retractions by journal (normalised)

This chart ranks the top 20 retractions by journal. For each journal, retractions (or retraction notices) per 100 000 publications from that journal are shown.